Optimizing expressway battery electric vehicle charging and mobile storage energy truck scheduling: A two-stage approach to improve photovoltaic generation utilization

Dawei Wang, Jingwei Guo, Yongxiang Zhang, Qingwei Zhong and Hongke Xu

Energy, 2025, vol. 320, issue C

Abstract: Promoting the utilization of photovoltaic generation along expressways is crucial for advancing green transportation. The long-distance distribution of photovoltaic devices on expressways results in underutilized photovoltaic generation. An effective solution to this issue is to direct the charging of battery electric vehicles in an orderly manner. Nowadays, research on charging battery electric vehicles using mobile energy storage trucks has emerged as a significant area of interest. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-stage approach for optimizing the coupled relationship between battery electric vehicle charging and mobile energy storage truck scheduling along expressways for efficient photovoltaic generation resource allocation. The proposed model employs spatial–temporal network concepts for battery electric vehicles and mobile energy storage trucks to depict the interplay between transportation and energy. In the first stage, a two-layer optimization model is developed to determine the charging plans of battery electric vehicles, balancing the profits of expressway managers with the expenses incurred by battery electric vehicle drivers. The upper-layer model focuses on maximizing the net earnings of the expressway manager, whereas the lower-layer model aims to minimize the charging and parking costs for battery electric vehicle drivers. The two-layer optimization model is solved with a column-and-constraint generation algorithm. The second stage optimizes the discharge/charge power and paths for mobile energy storage trucks to effectively distribute photovoltaic generation according to grid-supplied charging loads. The case study demonstrates that the proposed method significantly boosts photovoltaic generation utilization to 81.7% and reduces main grid purchase costs to 2122.0 RMB, fostering a mutually beneficial environment and economy for expressway managers.

Keywords: Battery electric vehicle charging; Two-stage optimization; Column-and-constraint generation algorithm; Mobile energy storage truck scheduling; Spatial–temporal network model (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:320:y:2025:i:c:s036054422500787x

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135145

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