Winter driving range optimization of electric bus based on CO2 thermal management system and thermal energy cascade utilization

Kaicheng He, Yulong Song, Hongsheng Xie and Feng Cao

Energy, 2025, vol. 323, issue C

Abstract: Environmental pollution and the energy crisis are intensifying. Pure electric vehicles (EVs) are promising alternatives to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs), but a significant decrease in winter driving range challenges their adoption. This paper proposes an integrated CO2 thermal management system with a waste heat recovery mode(WHR-CO2 TMS) for buses, addressing cabin, motor, and battery thermal management. By harnessing motor waste heat and preheating the battery, we optimize winter driving range. The study compares four systems between −20 °C and −10 °C: PTC heating system, CO2 heat pump system, WHR-CO2 TMS, WHR-CO2 TMS with battery preheating. Key findings include: a. Replacing PTC heating system with a CO2 heat pump system increases driving range by 10.37 %–12.90 %. b. Motor waste heat recovery enhances CO2 heat pump performance, increasing COP by 6.97 %–11.13 %, and improves driving range by 19.14 %–20.90 %. c. Preheating the battery reduces range decay by 8.73 %–13.26 %, leading to a range improvement of 19.47 %–21.60 % compared to PTC heating system. d. A scheme is proposed to adjust battery preheating based on driving distance and ambient temperature. The results highlight the potential of integrated TMS for enhancing the winter driving range of electric buses.

Keywords: Electric bus; Winter driving range; Motor; Battery; Waste heat recovery; Integrated CO2 thermal management system (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:323:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225013106

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135668

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