IoT based energy management of smart microgrid considering electric vehicle integration

Ambuli B.R. Etemesi, Tamer F. Megahed, Haruichi Kanaya and Diaa-Eldin A. Mansour

Energy, 2025, vol. 329, issue C

Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based Energy Management System (EMS) for Smart Microgrids (SMGs) with a focus on reducing operational costs for the microgrids and minimizing expenses for Electric Vehicle (EV) owners. The proposed system incorporates the charging of EVs within Residential Smart Microgrids (RSMGs) and discharging within Office Smart Microgrids (OSMGs), utilizing EVs' potential for energy transfer across time and space. By leveraging a Time of Use (ToU) pricing scheme, the EMS efficiently schedules EV charging and discharging activities, with RSMGs offering lower energy costs than OSMGs to incentivize EV owners. The integration of the pelican optimization algorithm enables optimal energy scheduling while considering constraints such as Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), network limitations, and EV charging/discharging requirements. Furthermore, the implementation of IoT technology facilitates crucial functions like data collection, analysis, communication, and visualization within the system. Through a detailed exploration of three scenarios within the smart energy management framework, this study evaluates the impact of EVs on energy transmission, operational costs, power exchanges with the grid, and the enhancement of cost efficiency and grid reliability in microgrid operations.

Keywords: IoT; Energy management system; Smart microgrids; Electric vehicles; Pelican optimization; Time of use pricing (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:329:y:2025:i:c:s036054422502047x

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.136405

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