An experimental investigation of optimized biomass cookstoves with TEG integration and solid heat storage for rural areas

Shankar Pandit, Dulal Chandra Das, Biplab Das and Pranjal Prasad Newar

Energy, 2025, vol. 331, issue C

Abstract: This study developed and evaluated two thermoelectric generator (TEG)-based forced draft improved biomass cookstoves, TBIC-1 (with solid sensible heat storage material, SSHSM) and TBIC-2 (without SSHSM), for rural Indian communities. Both models utilize a TEG-powered 12V DC fan to enhance combustion and reduce emissions. A multi-parameter optimization approach was applied to balance efficiency, emissions, and thermal output, with TBIC-1 incorporating SSHSM to sustain temperature differences (ΔT) and extend electricity generation. Field testing was conducted following ISO 19869:2019 over ten cooking sessions, assessing fuel-based emission factors (PM2.5 and CO) via the carbon balance method and thermal efficiency using the water boiling test (WBT 4.2.3). Results showed that TBIC-1 operated self-forced draft for up to 40 min after fuel feeding stopped, compared to TBIC-2. Both models demonstrated substantial reductions in PM2.5 emissions (96.22 % for TBIC-1 and 95.51 % for TBIC-2) and CO emissions (69.97 % reduction for TBIC-1 and 64.41 % for TBIC-2) compared to conventional biomass cookstoves (CBCs). Additionally, both models showed improved thermal efficiency, reduced fuel consumption, and higher energy output. This study is one of the first to integrate SSHSM in a TEG-based biomass cookstove and rigorously evaluate its real-world performance according to ISO standards. The findings highlight the potential of TEG-integrated cookstoves as sustainable solutions to meet energy needs, improve air quality, and promote cleaner cooking, with the multi-fuel compatibility, cost-effectiveness, and ease of repair ensuring long-term adoption in off-grid applications.

Keywords: Biomass cookstove; Combustion; Emission factor; Efficiency; Thermoelectric generator; Sensible storage (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:331:y:2025:i:c:s036054422502763x

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.137121

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