Assessment and optimal sizing of ice energy storage systems in various non-residential building types

Marco Griesbach, Andreas König-Haagen, Florian Heberle and Dieter Brüggemann

Energy, 2025, vol. 333, issue C

Abstract: Efficient heating and cooling solutions are essential to address climate change and rising energy costs. In non-residential buildings, low-temperature waste heat remains unused due to the lack of technical solutions. A promising approach is to combine this waste heat for heating and cooling. However, the temporal mismatch between waste heat availability and demand requires high-capacity thermal storages. Ice-energy-storage-systems (ICES) provide a viable solution, though no standards exist for their evaluation, design and sizing due to complex interactions with other supply units. A detailed numerical evaluation of ICES for various building types is conducted via a novel two-stage screening and optimization approach. Different configurations, with/without a CHP are optimized. The evaluation covers economic, environmental and social costs under different technological and regional boundary conditions. The methodology from a case study is applied to twelve model buildings. Simplified simulations identify potential candidates, followed by detailed computations to determine the optimal system configuration. High gas-to-electricity price ratios and low CO2-emissions favor storage integration. ICES reduce CO2-emissions by up to 55 % and lower demand-related costs. Substantial heating and cooling demand, with at least 8 % simultaneity, is needed to offset the investment. The methodology can be extended to other buildings, such as data centers or mixed-use districts.

Keywords: Ice energy storage; Heat pump; Optimization; Dimensioning; Non-residential building; Waste heat (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:333:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225029743

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.137332

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