Parametric study of a thermoelectric-based battery thermal management system with vapor chambers for high discharge rate

Ding Luo, Zihao Wu, Haifeng Wu, Hao Chen, Peng Zhang and Bingyang Cao

Energy, 2025, vol. 333, issue C

Abstract: This work introduces a battery thermal management system (BTMS) which combines thermoelectric coolers (TECs) and vapor chambers (VCs) to realize effective temperature regulation for batteries operating under high discharge rates. Additionally, a thermal-electric coupling model is developed to study the influence of various parameters on the system's thermal performance, including TEC input current, thermoelectric leg height, and air cooling coefficient. It is revealed that while TECs with shorter leg heights yield higher coefficient of performance (COP) and cooling power, they are limited by their capacity to withstand lower temperature differences. With the elevation of TEC input current, the maximum temperature of batteries first drops and then augments, while the variation trend for the temperature difference remains opposite. Through detailed analysis, the optimal operating conditions are determined to be an input current of 3 A, a leg height of 1.4 mm, and an air cooling coefficient of 50 W/(m2·K). Under these conditions, the BTMS achieves a maximum battery temperature of 300.94 K and a temperature difference of 4.78 K. In comparison to a BTMS without TECs, the use of TECs reduces the maximum battery temperature by 13.58 K, with only a slight increase of 0.29 K in temperature difference. This research offers a fresh perspective on the practical application of TECs in thermal management systems, highlighting their potential for enhancing battery performance under demanding conditions.

Keywords: Thermoelectric cooler; Battery thermal management system; Vapor chamber; High discharge rate; Maximum temperature (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:333:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225030580

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.137416

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