4E analysis of an integrated system using nitrogen expansion refrigerant and LH2 cold energy for a compression-free liquid air energy storage

Fatma Yehia, Akram Ali Nasser Mansoor Al-Haimi, Yuree Byun, Junseok Kim, Chuangji Feng, Yu Cao, Yesom Yun, Jeongwon Kim, Chao Yang, Lihua Liu and Jihyun Hwang

Energy, 2025, vol. 333, issue C

Abstract: This study introduces an integrated energy storage system combining nitrogen expansion refrigeration(N2R) and liquefied hydrogen (LH2) cold energy in a compression-free Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) system. The purpose is to enhance power generation efficiency and reduce energy losses by utilizing cold energy from hydrogen regasification and nitrogen expansion cycles. Thermodynamic analysis indicates exceptional round-trip efficiencies of up to 329.62 %, specific energy consumption (SEC) of 0.13 kWh/kg-air, and energy savings of 3590 kW (20.4 % carbon emission reduction). Exergy analysis reveals a high efficiency of 66 %, highlighting minimal thermodynamic irreversibilities. Economic analysis confirms significant viability with a Net Present Value (NPV) of $65.7 million, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 29 %, and a payback period (PBP) of 2.67 years. These results establish the integrated approach as a highly efficient, sustainable, and economically attractive solution for energy storage.

Keywords: Liquid air energy storage; Liquefied hydrogen; Nitrogen refrigeration; Exergy analysis; Economic analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:333:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225031846

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.137542

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