Flexibility aggregation and cooperative scheduling for distributed resources using a virtual battery equivalence technique

Hejun Yang, Qiang Chen, Ke Tang, Dabo Zhang and Yuming Shen

Energy, 2025, vol. 334, issue C

Abstract: Renewable energy source has the characteristics of power fluctuations and decentralized distribution. As their penetration level in the distribution system continues to increase, the adjustable flexibility of the distribution system is gradually decreasing. Therefore, aggregating and regulating distributed resources has become a crucial approach to enhancing the flexibility of the distribution system. To effectively utilize the flexibility potential of distributed resources, this paper proposes a method for aggregation and cooperative scheduling based on a virtual battery equivalence technique. Firstly, considering the operational constraints and adjustable characteristics of resources, the flexible of a single resource is equivalently modeled using virtual battery technique. Secondly, by aggregating the same type of numerous virtual batteries, a virtual energy storage model is proposed to represent the dispatchable potential of the cluster. Thirdly, based on the cooperative characteristics of different types of virtual energy storages, this paper proposes a group model for scheduling multiple clusters. It adopts the day-ahead potential assessment and the intra-day dynamic adjustment strategy to realize the real-time compensation of scheduling deviation and the coordinated optimization of system. Finally, case simulations demonstrate that the proposed model significantly enhances the flexibility and operational efficiency of the distribution system, effectively addressing fluctuations in supply and demand.

Keywords: Distribution system; Flexibility quantification; Virtual battery; Flexibility aggregation; Virtual energy storage (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:334:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225034127

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.137770

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