A globally tuned load-leveling strategy for energy management of hybrid electric vehicles

Bingbing Li, Kang Wang, Hao Zhang, Wei Ben, Zhijun Liu, Weichao Zhuang, Guodong Yin and Boli Chen

Energy, 2025, vol. 336, issue C

Abstract: This paper presents a novel rule-based control strategy, the globally tuned load-leveling strategy (GTLS), for the energy management of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) with series powertrain architecture. The proposed methodology amalgamates the most effective features of existing rule- and optimization-based control strategies and produces a new strategy that operates as simple rules to reduce fuel consumption in an optimal manner. As with the classical Thermostat control strategy, it is based on the load leveling mechanism that operates the engine only at a constant power, whereas the battery works as an energy buffer. On the other hand, the activation of the engine is controlled by a memoryless state-of-charge dependent threshold, which tends towards making the strategy charge sustaining. The decision parameters are small in number and freely tunable, and the control performance can be fully optimized for different HEV model parameters and driving cycles by a systematic tuning process. Dynamic Programming (DP) and an Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) are utilized for benchmarking the GTLS respectively for series HEV models representative of two main classes: a simple, but widely applicable for HEV analysis and control design, model, and a high-fidelity model capable of realistic transient analysis and prediction. Simulation results show that the GTLS consumes only 0.6% to 2% more fuel than the DP, demonstrating near-optimal performance with substantially lower computational burden.

Keywords: Hybrid electric vehicles; Energy management; Rule-based control; Optimization; Fuel economy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036054422503988X
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:336:y:2025:i:c:s036054422503988x

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138346

Access Statistics for this article

Energy is currently edited by Henrik Lund and Mark J. Kaiser

More articles in Energy from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Catherine Liu ().