An experimentally validated health-aware hierarchical energy management strategy for fuel cell heavy-duty trucks

Han Wang, Dan Zhu, Bojun Chen, Yuyue Ren, Shichao Ning and Xuan Zhao

Energy, 2025, vol. 341, issue C

Abstract: Fuel cell heavy-duty trucks (FCHTs) are considered a key pathway toward zero-emission freight transport. To achieve their large-scale deployment, there are two critical challenges: rapid fuel cell degradation and high overall energy consumption. Addressing these issues requires an advanced energy management strategy (EMS) capable of balancing efficiency and durability under real-world driving conditions. In this study, a high-power hydrogen fuel cell system model is established, which incorporates the degradation characteristics of both fuel cell and battery. Based on this, a health-aware hierarchical EMS (HH-EMS) with a two-layer fuzzy control structure is proposed to jointly optimize energy source-durability and vehicle energy consumption. The first control layer ensures real-time optimal power distribution among the energy sources, enhancing supply flexibility and adaptability. The second layer dynamically adjusts power allocation based on the current state of health (SOH) of the energy sources to extend the lifespan of the energy system. Moreover, the proposed strategy adopts equivalent hydrogen consumption, which accounts for the additional hydrogen loss caused by fuel cell degradation, as the optimization objective. A genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to optimize the parameters of the fuzzy control system, enabling the determination of an optimal EMS solution. The results of simulation and vehicle tests in 6 cycles reveal significant improvements over conventional strategies, achieving a reduction of 36.7% in fuel cell degradation and a decrease of 25.01% in hydrogen consumption, effectively enhancing overall system longevity and operational efficiency.

Keywords: Fuel cell heavy-duty trucks; Energy management; Health aware; System durability; Genetic algorithm; Hydrogen consumption (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:energy:v:341:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225050583

DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139416

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