Permeable networks: A future option for the European and Japanese car industries

Frank-Jürgen Richter and Yukihiro Wakuta

European Management Journal, 1993, vol. 11, issue 2, 262-267

Abstract: Like their counterparts in Europe, the Japanese car manufacturers are facing recession. The Japanese have also been forced to rethink their previously successful global strategies. Frank-Jürgen Richter and Yukihiro Wakuta explore the Japanese problems and compare the car manufacturers' relationships with suppliers in Japan and Europe. Until recently, European car manufacturers favoured an open-network strategy, but are beginning to imitate the Japanese closed network system. The two authors, however, recommend a new alternative -- permeable networks -- as preferable to both.

Date: 1993
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