Case dismissal and noncarceral sentences: High volume, low visibility decision-making in a large urban court

Richard D. Hartley, Marie Skubak Tillyer, Brandon Tregle and Michael R. Smith

Journal of Criminal Justice, 2025, vol. 98, issue C

Abstract: While research on court outcomes has proliferated in the last half century, advancing knowledge of courtroom actor decision-making practices, gaps in understanding still exist in the criminal case processing literature. One of these areas relates to low visibility decisions by prosecutors to dismiss cases; another concerns sentencing outcomes at the county level where judges have wider discretion to impose noncarceral punishments. The current study examines prosecutorial decisions to dismiss cases, and judicial decisions to sentence defendants to probation, or deferred adjudication in a large urban county over a 6-year period (2017 to 2022). Results from multivariate models reveal that legal, extra-legal, and case processing factors were associated with dismissals and non-incarceration. We discuss the implications of these findings for case processing at the local level and current knowledge of courtroom actor discretion regarding high volume, low visibility decisions.

Keywords: Criminal court outcomes; Case processing; Prosecutorial discretion; Judicial discretion; Case dismissal; Noncarceral sentences (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:jcjust:v:98:y:2025:i:c:s0047235225000601

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2025.102411

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