Strategic trading and Ricardian comparative advantage

Waseem A. Toraubally

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2022, vol. 195, issue C, 428-447

Abstract: This paper analyses the failure of the traditional Ricardo–Haberlerian (1817; 1936) theory of comparative advantage (RTCA) in a strategic market game à la Shapley–Shubik (1977). In this model, trade is driven, not by comparative advantages, but by strategic considerations. We prove, in a Ricardian framework, the simultaneous existence of two types of equilibria, at both of which active international trade takes place. In the first type of equilibrium, both countries specialise based on comparative advantages. In the other, eachcountry produces only its comparative-disadvantage good. The welfare properties, and policy implications of this result (using the examples of the China–US trade war and Venezuela), are discussed at length in two dedicated sections. We show that the predictions of the RTCA depend, not on the number of agents in the economy, but on the nature of agents: the RTCA fails to obtain even with an infinite number of large players in each country. We prove that the RTCA prevails when agents are price-takers, and establish the conditions under which equilibria of our market game coincide with Walrasian ones.

Keywords: Oligopoly; Shapley–Shubik market games; Endogenous price formation; Cournotian foundations to comparative advantage; China–US trade war (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C72 D43 D50 F10 F12 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:jeborg:v:195:y:2022:i:c:p:428-447

DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2021.10.031

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