The emergence of free energy

George Marx

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 1995, vol. 221, issue 1, 361-371

Abstract: The early Universe was hot and dense, with frequent collisions. Therefore it was in thermal equilibrium, as indicated by the properties of the observed relic black body radiation. Consequently the free energy of the early Universe was zero. Our present world, however, is out of equilibrium; it is locally alive. One has to find places and epochs in the Universe where free energy is being created or stored.

Date: 1995
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:221:y:1995:i:1:p:361-371

DOI: 10.1016/0378-4371(95)00227-X

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