Fluctuation relations and strong inequalities for thermally isolated systems

Christopher Jarzynski

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2020, vol. 552, issue C

Abstract: For processes during which a macroscopic system exchanges no heat with its surroundings, the second law of thermodynamics places two lower bounds on the amount of work performed on the system: a weak bound, expressed in terms of a fixed-temperature free energy difference, W≥ΔFT, and a strong bound, given by a fixed-entropy internal energy difference, W≥ΔES. It is known that statistical inequalities related to the weak bound can be obtained from the nonequilibrium work relation, 〈e−βW〉=e−βΔFT. Here we derive an integral fluctuation relation 〈e−βX〉=1 that is constructed specifically for adiabatic processes, and we use this result to obtain inequalities related to the strong bound, W≥ΔES. We provide both classical and quantum derivations of these results.

Keywords: Fluctuation theorems; Adiabatic processes; Second law of thermodynamics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:552:y:2020:i:c:s0378437119312075

DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2019.122077

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