Emergent networks in fractional percolation

L.D. Valdez and L.A. Braunstein

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2022, vol. 594, issue C

Abstract: Real networks are vulnerable to random failures and malicious attacks. However, when a node is harmed or damaged, it may remain partially functional, which helps to maintain the overall network structure and functionality. In this paper, we study the network structure for a fractional percolation process (Shang, 2014), in which the state of a node can be either fully functional (FF), partially functional (PF), or dysfunctional (D). We develop new equations to calculate the relative size of the percolating cluster of FF and PF nodes, that are in agreement with our stochastic simulations. In addition, we find a regime in which the percolating cluster can be described as a coarse-grained bipartite network, namely, as a set of finite groups of FF nodes connected by PF nodes. Moreover, these groups behave as a set of “supernodes” with a power-law degree distribution. Finally, we show how this emergent structure explains the values of several critical exponents around the percolation threshold.

Keywords: Fractional Percolation; Complex network; Critical exponents (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:594:y:2022:i:c:s0378437122001145

DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2022.127057

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