Generating hard satisfiable instances by planting into random constraint satisfaction problem model with growing constraint scope length

Wei Xu, Zhe Zhang and Guangyan Zhou

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2023, vol. 609, issue C

Abstract: We propose generating hard satisfiable constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) instances by planting into the k-CSP model, which is a random CSP model with growing constraint scope length. The phase diagram of the planted k-CSP model is drawn in this paper, which has no differences from that of the pure random k-CSP model, except that the planted k-CSP model has a planted cluster while the pure random k-CSP model does not. The planted cluster, which is composed of the planted solution and solutions around it, is found to be very small. This phase diagram guarantees that the planted k-CSP instances are as hard as the pure random k-CSP instances before the satisfiability (by configurations outside the planted cluster) transition occurs, and hard satisfiable instances appear near the satisfiable transition point. Experiments on instances with 102 variables support that the model can generate hard satisfiable instances.

Keywords: Constraint satisfaction problem; Solution space structure; Phase transition; Problem hardness; Belief propagation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:609:y:2023:i:c:s0378437122009256

DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2022.128367

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