Epidemic spreading on metapopulation networks considering indirect contact

Juquan Wang and Dun Han

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2023, vol. 619, issue C

Abstract: Since pathogens can stay on the carrier for a period of time, indirect transmission plays a nonnegligible role in the spread of diseases apart from direct human-to-human contact. We hereby propose an epidemic model on the metapopulation network, combining direct contact transmission with indirect contact transmission. A detailed theoretical analysis and simulation are employed to discuss and verify the epidemic threshold. Results show that the existence of indirect contact can promote the spread of diseases significantly. In addition, the final density of infection increases with the increase of the indirect contact transmission rate or the number of vectors, and with the decrease of the recovery rate of vectors. In the case of a heterogeneous population distribution, the epidemic threshold increases with the mobility rate which differs from the case of the homogeneous population distribution. Our framework presents a new viewpoint and theoretical reference for the study of indirect contact propagation.

Keywords: Epidemic spreading; Metapopulation network; Indirect contact transmission; Markovian equations (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:619:y:2023:i:c:s0378437123002777

DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2023.128722

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