Discrimination in access to sports associations: the effects of gender, origin and income

Denis Anne and Florian Moussi-Beylie

Research in Economics, 2025, vol. 79, issue 2

Abstract: This study employs the correspondence test method to investigate discrimination in access to sports clubs in France. This involves sending requests for information to sports clubs. Eight fictitious candidate profiles were created to assess three discrimination criteria: gender, ethnic origin, and income level. The profiles sent emails to 1,200 sports clubs, requesting information on access to training for four different sports, chosen for their highly gendered practices. The results demonstrate the absence of quantitative discrimination in three of the four sports tested. Nevertheless, there is a considerable disadvantage for the three criteria in horseback riding, a sport with considerably higher practice costs than the other disciplines under investigation. Furthermore, the content of the emails received suggests a preference for the reference candidate over the North African and opposite-sex candidates.

Keywords: Discrimination; Gender; Origin; Income; Sport; Correspondence test (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J15 L31 L83 Z20 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:reecon:v:79:y:2025:i:2:s1090944325000304

DOI: 10.1016/j.rie.2025.101053

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