 Synthesis of ethyl levulinate over amino-sulfonated functional carbon materialsHaixin Guo, Yuta Hirosaki, Xinhua Qi and Richard Lee Smith Renewable Energy, 2020, vol. 157, issue C, 951-958 Abstract: Functional carbon materials (FCM) containing amino and sulfonate groups (NS-FCM) were prepared with one-pot hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose using ammonium formate and 5-sulfosalicylic acid additives. The catalytic materials were applied to levulinic acid or furfuryl alcohol substrates in ethanol solvent for synthesizing ethyl levulinate (EL). Catalytic activity of NS-FCM was found to be related to its sulfonate groups, while substrate selectivity of NS-FCM was found to be related to its amino groups as supported by equilibrium adsorption and reaction experiments. Pre-adsorbed LA substrate onto NS-FCM followed by ethanol treatment at reaction conditions achieved EL yields higher than 90% that is attributed to a selective adsorption and cooperative desorption mechanism. The activity of NS-FCM catalyst was stable for five reuse cycles, but lost about 10% of its activity from the third cycle that is attributed to adsorption of humin precursors onto active sites. Keywords: C5/C6 carbohydrates; Ethyl levulinate; Sulfonated method; N-doped carbonaceous functional materials; Adsorption pretreatment (search for similar items in EconPapers) Downloads: (external link) Related works: Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:157:y:2020:i:c:p:951-958 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.05.103 Access Statistics for this article Renewable Energy is currently edited by Soteris A. Kalogirou and Paul Christodoulides More articles in Renewable Energy from Elsevier |
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