Heterogeneous acid catalyst preparation from olive pomace and its use for olive pomace oil esterification

Manel Ayadi, Sary Awad, Audrey Villot, Manef Abderrabba and Mohand Tazerout

Renewable Energy, 2021, vol. 165, issue P2, 1-13

Abstract: Solid acid catalyst was produced from olive pomace (OP), characterized and used for the esterification of OP oil. OP was pyrolyzed, physical activated by steam and sulfonated using sulfuric acid. Commercial, coconut husk-based, activated carbon (CHAC) was also sulfonated for comparison. The activation has shown a significant increase in olive pomace activated carbon (OPAC) surface area by developing simultaneously its micro and meso-porosity. The sulfonation has further increased OPAC BET surface area to reach 618.18 m2/g and has changed its structure to become microporous. Sulfonation also removed tar residues and aliphatic hydrocarbons from OPAC’s surface. Tendencies observed with carbon CHAC, used for comparison, are slightly different with a mesoporosity development. Although its higher surface area (1227.01 m2/g), CHAC has fixed three times less sulfur than OPAC, which can be attributed to its higher hydrophobicity or pore distribution. Sulfur was mainly fixed in the form of sulfonic acid (SO3H). Esterification with methanol using produced solid catalysts decreased OPO acidity below the 2 mgKOH/g threshold after 5 h of reaction and reduced mono, di and triglycerides to levels close to the ones required by European norm EN14214.

Keywords: Acid oil; Biochar; Esterification; Olive pomace; Solid acid catalyst (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148120317729
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:165:y:2021:i:p2:p:1-13

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.031

Access Statistics for this article

Renewable Energy is currently edited by Soteris A. Kalogirou and Paul Christodoulides

More articles in Renewable Energy from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Catherine Liu ().