An eco-friendly acidic catalyst phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitride for efficient conversion of fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

Bo Cai, Rui Kang, Dayi Guo, Junfeng Feng, Tianyi Ma and Hui Pan

Renewable Energy, 2022, vol. 199, issue C, 1629-1638

Abstract: An eco-friendly and stable metal-free acidic catalyst phosphorus-doped graphitic carbon nitride (P–UCN) synthesized for the highly efficient dehydration of fructose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) was presented. The acidic sites (P sites) were introduced into the g-C3N4 structure via a simple thermal polycondensation of urea. A 91.7% HMF yield was achieved with optimal P–UCN catalyst under mild reaction conditions (160 °C, 3 h). XPS and NMR characterizations of P–UCN catalysts suggested that the P atoms may replace the corner and bay carbon sites, which could provide stable acidic sites for fructose dehydration into HMF. NH3-TPD analysis indicated that a moderate amount of P doped would provide higher catalytic activity for the dehydration reaction. Furthermore, the 1.0P–UCN (real content 1.83 wt%) catalyst was demonstrated high stability in the dehydration system and retained high reactivity after being recycled 5 times. The characterization results of recovered 1.0P–UCN further confirmed that the morphology and structure of the catalyst remained well after the dehydration reaction.

Keywords: Biomass conversion; Phosphorus doped graphitic carbon nitride; Fructose; Dehydration; 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:199:y:2022:i:c:p:1629-1638

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.09.050

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