Supercritical ethanol liquefaction of bamboo leaves using functionalized reduced graphene oxides for high quality bio-oil production

Snunkhaem Echaroj, Malee Santikunaporn and Anh N. Phan

Renewable Energy, 2023, vol. 204, issue C, 848-857

Abstract: The study investigated the supercritical ethanol liquefaction of bamboo leaves using a functionalized reduced graphene oxide catalyst (GOr). The ZrO2–SrO/GOr catalyst consisted mostly of mesopores (95%) with only 5% micropores, which enhances the reactant's accessibility to active sites. The supercritical ethanol liquefaction was carried out in a 150 mL reactor and optimised for bio-oil production using an experimental central composite design (CCD). At optimum operating conditions (375 °C, a catalyst-to-biomass ratio of 1:2.5 (wt:wt) and a biomass-to-ethanol ratio of 1:10 (wt/vol), the bio-oil yield derived from bamboo leaves was 47%, which was higher than hydrothermal process (27%). A model was developed from analysis of variance (ANOVA) and validated using experimental data. The predicted and experimental data agreed well with an R2 of 0.99. The bio-oil had a higher heating value of 35.3 MJ/kg, consisting mainly of esters, phenolic and hydrocarbon compounds.

Keywords: Supercritical ethanol liquefaction; Graphene oxide; Central composite design; Analysis of variance; Response surfaces methodology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:204:y:2023:i:c:p:848-857

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.12.110

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