Biomass-incorporated KNO3-C/γ-Al2O3 bifunctional catalyst for efficient biodiesel production

Jegthiswary Suresh, Hui Syen Yong, Nor Badariah Talib, Juan Matmin, Nur Izyan Wan Azelee, Salmiah Jamal Mat Rosid and Susilawati Toemen

Renewable Energy, 2024, vol. 234, issue C

Abstract: Biodiesel has gained attention as a promising renewable and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, which necessitated the development of an effective and eco-friendly catalyst for transesterification processes. Herein, this research reported the development of a highly efficient bifunctional catalyst by incorporating carbon from oil palm leaves (OPLs) into KNO3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, synthesized through a facile method, to concurrently catalyze the waste cooking oil (WCO) transesterification and free fatty acids (FFAs) esterification in a one-pot reaction. Proposed Box-Behnken Design (BBD) model's ideal conditions, experimentally yielded an average of 93.74 % biodiesel yield. Meanwhile, analysis revealed that the catalyst with 30 wt% KNO3 loadings and 1.0 g oil palm leaves dosage (OPLD), calcined at 700 °C, has a BET surface area of 46.93 m2/g and exhibited the presence of K2O, K2O2 and K2C2 active species on the catalyst surface. In addition to exhibiting high total basicity and acidity of 2.9 mmol/g and 2.1 mmol/g, respectively, environmental studies suggested this catalyst generated less waste, highlighting its significant potential of being used for efficient biodiesel production. Therefore, present research introduces a new approach for synthesizing a fruitful and ecofriendly bifunctional catalyst to attain one-pot biodiesel production from low-grade oils.

Keywords: Biodiesel; Bifunctional catalyst; Potassium; Biomass waste; Carbon (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:234:y:2024:i:c:s0960148124013077

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121239

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