Bi-level optimization of hybrid energy conversion system based on a multi-distinct low-carbon microgrid

Ruhuan Li, Jun Zhou, Zitong Qiu, Haonan Li, Jinman Li, Ji Wu and Kai Wu

Renewable Energy, 2025, vol. 239, issue C

Abstract: Nowadays, both of economy and sustainability are requirements for energy systems. This study proposes a Stackelberg-based bi-level integrated energy optimization system for examining the impact of different mechanisms on the low-carbon economy of integrated energy systems (IES) by considering energy interaction, demand response, carbon trading costs, and green certificate trading benefits. An IES is developed based on the reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) and the combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system. Eight scenarios are presented in order to investigate the impact of multiple mechanisms on the system. Carbon Emission Trading (CET) and Green Certificate Trading (GCT) significantly contribute to the utilization of renewable energy, thereby prompting IES to operate with low carbon emissions. Bi-level optimization adjusts the electricity price to influence dispatch of IESs, and the curtailment percentage is significantly reduced. Moreover, The Demand Response (DR) curve elucidates the system’s propensity to supply energy at each period, which can help RDC set the electricity price accordingly. Finally, a new optimization method with fixed electrical trading prices from optimization result is implemented to analyze the sensitivity of parameters. The result shows that transferring carbon trading costs from the upper RDC level to the IES is a better choice for carbon reduction than bi-level optimization when C>0.3.

Keywords: Low carbon; Bi-level optimization; Demand response; Carbon emission trading; Green certification trading; Reversible Solid Oxide Cell; Combined Cooling, Heating and Power system (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148124021633
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:239:y:2025:i:c:s0960148124021633

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.122095

Access Statistics for this article

Renewable Energy is currently edited by Soteris A. Kalogirou and Paul Christodoulides

More articles in Renewable Energy from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Catherine Liu ().