Two-stage scheduling optimization model and benefit allocation strategy for virtual power plant clusters aggregated by multidimensional information indicators

Liwei Ju, ShuoShuo Lv, Yanbin Li, Yun Li, Xin Qi, Gen Li and Feng Zhang

Renewable Energy, 2025, vol. 240, issue C

Abstract: With the large-scale integration of distributed energy resources into the distribution network, virtual power plant clusters (VPPs) control based on "intra-group autonomy and inter-group coordination" can reduce the difficulty of grid operation and control. Effective cluster partitioning is the key to realize the optimal operation of VPPs. Based on different types of distributed energy flexibility output models, this paper proposes the structural-functional aggregation strategy for VPPs. Additionally, A two-stage robust scheduling optimization model for VPPs is proposed. This model considers a multi-subject cooperative game for calculating the optimal operation strategy of the system. The solution algorithm is constructed through the integration of strong dyadic theory and the C&CG algorithm. Then, an improved Shapley-based benefit allocation strategy for VPPs by the cooperative game is proposed. Finally, an example analysis is carried out in Huangyuan County, Xining City, Qinghai Province, China. The results show that: (1) The proposed structure-function aggregation optimization strategy, the self-balancing indicator of the system increased by 24.65 %, and the upward flexibility deficit and downward flexibility deficit decreased by 72.52 MW and 94.92 MW, compared to the case where the distributed energy sources are independently connected to the grid.(2) The proposed two-stage scheduling optimization model for VPPs reduces the required balancing power by 58.37 %. Compared to the non-considered robustness factor, the average energy supply cost of the proposed model is reduced by 12.02¥/MW. (3) Utilizing the proposed two-layer benefit allocation strategy, the profits obtained by VPPs for 45.49 %, 26.03 %, and 28.49 % of the total incremental gains. Non-Adjustable Generation Unit (Non-AGU) needs to make a profit of 29.09¥/MWh due to the uncertainty of output. Adjustable Generation Unit (AGU), Energy Storage Device (ESD) and Adjustable Load (AL) gain 6.24¥/MWh, 18.16¥/MWh, and 4.67¥/MWh. Overall, the two-stage scheduling optimization model and benefit allocation strategy for VPPs aggregated by multidimensional information indicators can promote the aggregation of distributed energy resources It is conducive to the overall energy structure transformation, improve new energy consumption, and promote the power system structure transformation.

Keywords: Virtual power plant clusters; Cluster aggregation optimization; Two-stage robust optimization; Two-layer benefit allocation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:240:y:2025:i:c:s0960148124023139

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.122245

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