Energy management for electric bus charging station with facilitated second-life batteries

Renjie Wei, Yishen Wang, Fei Zhou, Xi Chen, Bo Chai, Jinbo Liu, Yanan Wang and Hongyang Jin

Renewable Energy, 2025, vol. 241, issue C

Abstract: Electric buses (EBs) are playing an important role in transportation electrification as a pathway towards net zero carbon emissions. In this paper, a stochastic EB charging station model is developed with a centralized day-ahead scheduling (DAS) control of EB charging. The control strategy objective is to minimize the total costs, including the energy purchased cost and the second-life battery (SLB) degradation cost. The charging demand is estimated based on the bus timetable and related historical data. To improve the performance of the control strategy, a second-life battery (SLB) energy storage system is adopted. Furthermore, the SLB system is controlled to provide peak demand flexibility services for distribution network operators to relieve network congestions. Three different control algorithms, heuristic control algorithm, DAS without SLB energy storage and DAS with SLB energy storage, are analyzed in the case studies. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed DAS can significantly reduce both the operational costs and the charging demand during peak time. In addition, the adoption of SLB also improves the fault tolerance of the DAS and provides contracted flexibility services without affecting EB charging.

Keywords: Electric bus; Second-life batteries; Energy management system; Flexibility service (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:241:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125000254

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122363

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