A straightforward process for conversion of de-oiled lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) waste into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural

Mahender Kumar, Rohit Bains, Arvind Singh Chauhan, Ajay Kumar and Pralay Das

Renewable Energy, 2025, vol. 244, issue C

Abstract: Herein, an efficient, eco-friendly, scalable, and one-pot method for selective production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and furfural has been introduced by directly employing de-oiled lemon grass waste as a feedstock. The synergistic effects of maleic acid and HCl in tetrahydrofuran and sodium chloride saturated solution (THF: NaCl) solvent media have been first time investigated for lemon grass waste conversion into 5-HMF and furfural in a hydrothermal reactor system with 59 and 61 mol% yields respectively. The developed reagent system was also found to be applicable in various complex lignocellulosic biomass such as corn-cob, rice-straw, and sugarcane bagasse to procure 51–64 mol% of 5-HMF and 48–55 mol% furfural respectively. Moreover, the developed protocol was successfully applied to biomass conversion on a scale of 10.0 g, achieving good yields of the desired furanic compounds. Furthermore, Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) confirmed the purity of the compounds as >90 % without adopting any tedious purification method.

Keywords: Lemon grass waste; Maleic acid; 5-HMF; Furfural; Green process (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:244:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125003192

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122657

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