Development strategies for green hydrogen, green ammonia, and green methanol in transportation

Chengjiang Li, Qianwen Hao, Wei Zhang, Shiyuan Wang and Jing Yang

Renewable Energy, 2025, vol. 246, issue C

Abstract: Green hydrogen-based fuels, such as green hydrogen, green ammonia, and green methanol, are promising alternatives for low-carbon transport. However, their development is hindered by the complex balance between environmental benefits and economic feasibility. This study introduces a combined life cycle assessment, multi-criteria decision-making, and SWOT analysis (LCA-MCDM-SWOT) to explore optimal strategies for these green hydrogen-based fuels under various scenarios. The optimal strategy for green hydrogen and ammonia is maximizing the strength of electricity and biomass and improving renewable fuel technology maturity (SO strategy). Overcoming the weakness of the low economy and improving renewable fuel technology maturity (WO strategy) is the most applicable to deploying green methanol. Accordingly, it suggests deploying the green ‘hydrogen-ammonia-methanol’ fuel circular economy routes to realize sustainable development in transportation.

Keywords: Green hydrogen; Green ammonia; Green methanol; Development strategy; Multi-criteria decision making (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:246:y:2025:i:c:s096014812500566x

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.122904

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