Model predictive control-based optimal control of primary frequency regulation power for hydrogen fuel cell-energy storage battery system

Jianlin Li, Jiayang Hu and Dixi Xin

Renewable Energy, 2025, vol. 248, issue C

Abstract: The integration of new energy into the power grid leads to a significant decrease in the inertia and damping characteristics of the current power system. So this paper proposes a joint control strategy of hydrogen fuel cell-energy storage battery system based on virtual parameter control and model predictive control (MPC). The proposed strategy has the potential to enhance the frequency stability of hydrogen fuel cell-energy storage battery system and alleviate the influence of stack temperature rise fluctuation on the output characteristics of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Firstly, this paper constructs the system model. Then, according to the dynamic response time of the units, this paper adopts virtual droop control and virtual inertia control for PEMFC and energy storage battery separately. On this basis, this paper proceeds to construct a MPC state-space prediction model for the system. Finally, the simulation platform analyzes how system frequency changes under several different working conditions. In comparison to the conventional method, the dynamic response time of the system frequency regulation under the strategy in this paper is improved by approximately 50 %. Under the step load disturbance condition and the continuous load disturbance condition, the frequency deviation is reduced by about 12 % and 81 %. The results presented in this paper clearly demonstrate that the proposed control strategy significantly enhances the frequency stability of the system.

Keywords: Proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Energy storage battery; Model predictive control; Primary frequency regulation; Virtual sag control; Virtual inertia control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:248:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125007955

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123133

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