Ca-Zr modified clinoptilolite catalyst as a novel bifunctional catalyst for biodiesel production from badly acidified feedstock oil and process optimization

Jie Zhu, Shengli Niu, Abulikemu Abulizi, Yang Xu, Xin Li, Yue Zheng, Yujie Wei, Yujiao Zhang, Yanan Hao, Sitong Liu, Jisen Liu and Zihao Yang

Renewable Energy, 2025, vol. 249, issue C

Abstract: In this research, a series of Ca-Zr/clinoptilolite catalysts, which are activated at the different calcination temperatures, are synthesized by the simple co-precipitation method and then applied in catalyzing transesterification of the high-acid-value feedstock oil with methanol to produce biodiesel. The acidic and basic sites in the catalyst originate from the synergistic effect of Zr and Ca. The excellent pore structure of the Ca-Zr/clinoptilolite catalyst is conducive to the rapid diffusion of reactant molecules such as triglycerides within the catalyst, thereby enhancing the transesterification efficiency. The Ca-Zr/clinoptilolite catalyst activated at 850 °C is preferred as the final catalyst due to the highest catalytic activity in transesterification. The response surface methodology (RSM) with the central composition designs (CCD) is employed to optimize the catalyzed transesterification parameters of the methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst amount, and reaction temperature at the fixed reaction duration of 180 min. At the methanol to oil molar ratio of 16.9, catalyst amount of 7 wt%, and reaction temperature of 131 °C, the highest biodiesel yield of 97.43 % is achieved. On the whole, the Ca-Zr/clinoptilolite catalyst exhibits the great acid resistance capability and stability in catalyzing transesterification of the high-acid-value feedstock oil for biodiesel production.

Keywords: Response surface methodology; Biodiesel; Clinoptilolite; Transesterification (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148125009620
Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:249:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125009620

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123300

Access Statistics for this article

Renewable Energy is currently edited by Soteris A. Kalogirou and Paul Christodoulides

More articles in Renewable Energy from Elsevier
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Catherine Liu ().