Energy and environmental assessment of air heat pump supplied with electricity from photovoltaic panels with battery storage

W. Gazda and W. Stanek

Renewable Energy, 2025, vol. 252, issue C

Abstract: In this study, an analysis of the operation of a hybrid energy system is carried out. The basic elements of this system are a reversible heat pump cooperating with a photovoltaic installation, a battery electricity storage system, an external electric grid, and a peak gas boiler. The elements have different energy sources. Therefore, the impact of the type of energy sources and their share in the local energy mix related to electricity generation on the local energy market is taken into account. Due to this situation, the evaluation of the operation of the investigated system with regard to the level of primary energy use and the value of greenhouse gas emission is carried out. The relative primary energy savings and the relative greenhouse gas emission reduction indicators are proposed as evaluation parameters of the hybrid system. In the examined system, the value of average annual relative primary energy savings ΔPES are obtained at 45 %, and the monthly values of relative primary energy savings range from 5.6 % to 62 % depending on the month of the year. In relation to the relative emission reduction indicator ΔGHG calculated as the relative CO2 emission reduction indicator, we can observe that the average annual value of ΔGHG indicator is at level 0 and also depends on the month of the year.

Keywords: Heat pump; Photovoltaic panels; Primary energy; Environmental impact; CO2 emission (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:252:y:2025:i:c:s0960148125011966

DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2025.123534

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