 Continuous esterification for biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate using economical processS. Chongkhong, C. Tongurai and P. Chetpattananondh Renewable Energy, 2009, vol. 34, issue 4, 1059-1063 Abstract: An overflow system for continuous esterification of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) using an economical process was developed using a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). Continuous production compared to batch production at the same condition had higher product purity. The optimum condition for the esterification process was a 8.8:1:0.05 molar ratio of methanol to PFAD to sulfuric acid catalyst, 60min of residence time at 75°C under its own pressure. The free fatty acid (FFA) content in the PFAD was reduced from 93 to less than 1.5%wt by optimum esterification. The esterified product had to be neutralized with 10.24%wt of 3M sodium hydroxide in water solution at a reaction temperature of 80°C for 20min to reduce the residual FFA and glycerides. The components and properties of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) could meet the standard requirements for biodiesel fuel. Eventually the production costs were calculated to disclose its commercialization. Keywords: Biodiesel; Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD); Continuous esterification; Economical process (search for similar items in EconPapers) Downloads: (external link) Related works: Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:renene:v:34:y:2009:i:4:p:1059-1063 DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2008.07.008 Access Statistics for this article Renewable Energy is currently edited by Soteris A. Kalogirou and Paul Christodoulides More articles in Renewable Energy from Elsevier |
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