A cross-country index of intellectual property rights in pharmaceutical inventions

Ming Liu and Sumner La Croix

Research Policy, 2015, vol. 44, issue 1, 206-216

Abstract: Building on the seminal work of Ginarte and Park (1997. Research Policy. 26, 283–301), we develop an index of property rights in pharmaceutical inventions, the Pharmaceutical Intellectual Property Protection (PIPP) Index, for 154 countries spanning 1960 to 2005. It incorporates five types of property rights in pharmaceuticals; six statutory measures of enforcement; and adherence to three international agreements providing for the grant and enforcement of rights to foreigners. For both developed and developed countries, the PIPP Index starts at low levels in 1960, increases slowly through the early 1990s, and then sharply increases due to minimum standards set by the 1995 TRIPS Agreement.

Keywords: Patent; Index; Pharmaceuticals; Intellectual property; TRIPS (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F53 I18 K42 O31 O34 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2015
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (18)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:respol:v:44:y:2015:i:1:p:206-216

DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2014.07.004

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