Spatial Integration of Human Capital in the Polish Labour Market: A Case Study of Ukrainian Refugees’ Language Skill Development

Kamila Bednarz-Okrzynska, Dorota Kowalewska, Agnieszka Szlachta and Barbara Zakowska

European Research Studies Journal, 2025, vol. XXVIII, issue 4, 310-320

Abstract: Purpose: Following Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the University of Szczecin (Poland) implemented language courses for Ukrainian refugees seeking integration pathways. This study investigates motivation profiles, learning outcomes, integration outcomes and prospects for plans among adult course participants. Design/Methodology/Approach: Through a comprehensive survey of 89 adult Ukrainian refugees (89% response rate), we analyzed demographic characteristics, motivational orientations (instrumental versus integrative), self-reported language gains, and long-term settlement plans using cross-tabulations and chi-square statistical tests. Findings: Results demonstrate a prevalence of instrumental motivation among participants, with employment preparation, administrative navigation, and career advancement serving as primary drivers for language acquisition. Regardless of initial motivational profile, participants consistently reported functional language improvements and enhanced confidence in both institutional and everyday social interactions, though only one subset achieved significantly higher communicative competence. We claim that instrumental/ pragmatic motivations effectively support diverse integration trajectories. Practical Implications: This research study validated the pathway and introduced policy relevance: language courses facilitate practical gains, with self-confidence as the highlighted one, across all motivational profiles. Originality/Value: The study yields six evidence-based policy recommendations emphasizing tailored curricula that prioritize workplace and basic language skills while maintaining flexible advancement pathway, this pathway underscores that course designs aligning with instrumental needs can indirectly strengthen integration trajectories and settlement intentions.

Keywords: Language courses; spatial integration; refugee integration; instrumental motivation; integrative motivation; social integration. (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I25 J24 J61 O15 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ers:journl:v:xxviii:y:2025:i:4:p:310-320

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