Digital, Financial, and Health Insurance Exclusion Experienced by Low-Income Households

Fumiko Hayashi and Rebecca Ruiz

Payments System Research Briefing, 2021, issue July 7, 2021, 9

Abstract: Many low-income households are excluded from essential services such as home internet access, bank accounts, and health insurance coverage. We examine to what degree low-income households experience digital, financial, and health insurance exclusion and assess whether education and race are correlated with exclusion. We find that more than 10 percent of low-income households experienced multiple types of exclusion in 2019, with more pronounced results for households with lower educational attainment.

Keywords: Low income households; Financial exclusion; Digital exclusion; Health insurance exclusion (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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