Whistleblowing Based on the Three Lines Model

Paschalis Kagias, Alexandros Garefalakis, Ioannis Passas (), Panagiotis Kyriakogkonas and Nikolaos Sariannidis
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Paschalis Kagias: Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Western Macedonia, 501 00 Kozani, Greece
Alexandros Garefalakis: Department of Business Administration and Tourism, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 714 10 Iraklio, Greece
Ioannis Passas: Department of Business Administration and Tourism, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 714 10 Iraklio, Greece
Panagiotis Kyriakogkonas: Department of Accounting and Finance, Neapolis University Pafos, Paphos 8042, Cyprus
Nikolaos Sariannidis: Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Western Macedonia, 501 00 Kozani, Greece

Administrative Sciences, 2024, vol. 14, issue 5, 1-13

Abstract: Directive 1937/2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law became effective very recently. However, Directive 1937/2019 lacks sufficient guidance on the implementation or governance of whistleblowing frameworks. In addition, the existing literature lacks a definition of whistleblowing and whistleblowing frameworks that is appropriate for internal audit and fraud prevention. The purpose of this paper is to address the lack of a definition of whistleblowing and whistleblowing framework appropriate for internal auditing and to guide the roles and responsibilities within an organization to apply and maintain a robust whistleblowing framework. To this effect, the Three Lines Model is used, one of the most recognized theoretical models in effective risk governance and internal audit.

Keywords: whistleblowing; internal audit; three lines model; EU Directive 1937/2019; auditing; fraud prevention (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: L M M0 M1 M10 M11 M12 M14 M15 M16 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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