Relational Reflexivity in a Management Questionnaire (RRMQ): A Psychometric Approach to Measuring a Multidimensional Leadership Construct

Zbigniew Waśkiewicz ()
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Zbigniew Waśkiewicz: Department of Sport Management, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland

Administrative Sciences, 2025, vol. 15, issue 10, 1-23

Abstract: (1) Background: This study aimed to develop and validate a new instrument to measure relational reflexivity in management settings. Relational reflexivity—defined as the integration of self-awareness, perspective-taking, and interpersonal responsibility—has been discussed conceptually, but it lacks a standardized, psychometrically sound measurement tool. (2) Methods: A 25-item scale was developed based on a literature review and administered to 524 sport management students. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to identify the underlying structure. A 15-item version, based on item performance and theoretical fit, was then tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on a randomly selected subsample (n = 400). Model fit was assessed using RMSEA, CFI, TLI, and χ 2 /df. (3) Results: EFA revealed a five-factor structure consistent with theoretical expectations: self-awareness, perspective-taking, communication and conflict resolution, respect and mediation, and intrapersonal reflexivity, explaining 53.5% of the total variance. CFA confirmed the model with excellent fit indices (RMSEA = 0.0605; CFI = 0.955; TLI = 0.941). Factor loadings were high (0.89–1.13), and all were statistically significant. (4) Conclusions: The result (RRMQ) is a valid and reliable tool for assessing multidimensional relational reflexivity in leadership and team contexts. Its structure reflects both theoretical foundations and psychometric rigor, providing a foundation for future research and practical applications in leadership development.

Keywords: relational leadership; reflexive practices; ethical decision-making; organizational psychology; scale development (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: L M M0 M1 M10 M11 M12 M14 M15 M16 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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