Evaluating the Agreement Index of the Barriers Faced by Women During the Transition from Higher Education to Empowerment in Brazil: A Sustainable Development Perspective

Muhammad Qasim Rana (), Angela Lee (), José Fernando Rodrigues Bezerra and Guilherme Hissa Villas Boas
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Muhammad Qasim Rana: School of the Built Environment, University College of Estate Management, Horizons, Reading RG1 4BS, UK
Angela Lee: School of the Built Environment, University College of Estate Management, Horizons, Reading RG1 4BS, UK
José Fernando Rodrigues Bezerra: Department of Geography, State University of Maranhão, São Luís 65055-310, Brazil
Guilherme Hissa Villas Boas: Department of Geography, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-596, Brazil

Administrative Sciences, 2025, vol. 15, issue 3, 1-21

Abstract: Efficient and sustainable human resources are crucial for promoting development in emerging nations. Brazil’s education policy provides its citizens with widespread educational opportunities, resulting in high literacy rates. However, women with academic qualifications and skills often encounter significant barriers when transitioning from higher education to positions of empowerment, leading to an underutilisation of human capital. This study, conducted in 2024, gathered data from female students and staff at three Brazilian universities (the State University of Maranhãoo, the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and the University of São Paulo) using a survey methodology to ascertain the barriers impeding women’s transition from higher education to empowerment. The data were analysed using Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation (FSE), a soft computing technique, and it was identified that the most significant barriers revolve around women’s freedom and mobility. Additional challenges include gender norms, family responsibilities, violence and harassment, socio-cultural constraints, and financial limitations. The study offers practical recommendations such as organising awareness programmes and integrating digital technology to enhance workplace safety, thereby addressing these barriers. The findings contribute both practically and theoretically to the more effective utilisation of human resources in Brazil. These insights are particularly valuable for stakeholders, including government bodies, managers, and academic institutions, in fostering gender equality and empowering women in the workforce.

Keywords: empowerment; gender equality; sustainable development goals; Brazil; higher education (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: L M M0 M1 M10 M11 M12 M14 M15 M16 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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