Ancient Wheat Species ( Triticum sphaerococcum Perc. and T. persicum Vav.) in Organic Farming: Influence of Sowing Density on Agronomic Traits, Pests and Diseases Occurrence, and Weed Infestation

Małgorzata Szczepanek, Grzegorz Lemańczyk, Robert Lamparski, Edward Wilczewski, Radomir Graczyk, Rafał Nowak and Piotr Prus
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Małgorzata Szczepanek: Department of Agronomy, UTP University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7 str., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Grzegorz Lemańczyk: Department of Biology and Plant Protection, UTP University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7 str., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Robert Lamparski: Department of Biology and Plant Protection, UTP University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7 str., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Edward Wilczewski: Department of Agronomy, UTP University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7 str., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Radomir Graczyk: Department of Biology and Animal Environment, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28 str., 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Rafał Nowak: Department of Agronomy, UTP University of Science and Technology, Kaliskiego 7 str., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Piotr Prus: Laboratory of Economics and Counseling in Agribusiness, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Fordońska 430 str., 85-790 Bydgoszcz, Poland

Agriculture, 2020, vol. 10, issue 11, 1-21

Abstract: Crop management should be determined to reintroduce ancient wheat. This study aimed to determine: i. the response of the yield of ancient wheat on sowing density; ii. the impact of sowing density on plant health, weed infestation and pest occurrence. Field experiments were carried out in Poland, on three organic farms. The factors were: (1) wheat species: Persian wheat ( Triticum persicum Vav.) and Indian dwarf wheat ( T. sphaerococcum Perc.), (2) sowing density (400, 500, and 600 grains m −2 ). Increasing the sowing density of T. sphaerococcum from 400 to 600 grains m −2 increases the grain yield and reduces the pest pressure ( Oulema spp. and Aphididae). Sowing densities did not affect the severity of powdery mildew at stem elongation as well as root rot and eyespot at the development of fruit. At the highest sowing density, the leaf area with tan spot symptoms was the highest. The eyespot symptoms occurred more frequently and the damaged plant surface caused by Oulema spp. was larger on T. sphaerococcum . Persian wheat turned out to be more susceptible to weed infestation. Indian dwarf wheat and Persian wheat are useful for organic farming, and the sowing density should be 500 or 600 grains m −2 and 400 grains m −2 , respectively.

Keywords: crop density; insects; organic cereals; sowing rate; tillering (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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