Chemical Composition and Concentration of Bioactive Compounds in Garlic Cultivated from Air Bulbils

Aneta Kopeć, Joanna Skoczylas, Elżbieta Jędrszczyk, Renata Francik, Beata Bystrowska and Jerzy Zawistowski
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Aneta Kopeć: Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Kraków, Poland
Joanna Skoczylas: Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Kraków, Poland
Elżbieta Jędrszczyk: Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 45, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
Renata Francik: Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Pharmacy Faculty, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
Beata Bystrowska: Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum Medyczna Street 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
Jerzy Zawistowski: Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

Agriculture, 2020, vol. 10, issue 2, 1-15

Abstract: This study was designed to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and selected bioactive compound content and occurrence in whole immature and mature garlic plants grown from air bulbils. Two winter garlic cultivars, Harnaś and Ornak, of Polish origin, were cultivated from air bulbils at the Experimental Station of the Agricultural University in Kraków, Poland. Harvest bunching of garlic of both cultivars was carried out in May and in June. Mature plants were harvested in July. In whole plant proximate analysis, the concentration of vitamin C, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity, carotenoids, chlorophyll a and b, as well as glutathione level were determined. P-coumaric acid was found in Harnaś and Ornak samples collected in May. Sinapinic acid was identified in Ornak samples collected in June and July. Identification of sulphur compounds depended on the term of harvesting. Significantly higher content of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, as well as other bioactive compounds, was measured in the Harnaś and Ornak cultivars harvested in May. A significantly lower level of bioactive compounds was determined in mature plants harvested in July. The organosulfur compound profile and polyphenolic profile depended on the time of harvesting. Immature garlic cultivated from air bulbils is recognized as a potential source of bioactive compounds in human nutrition, however, more research, in particular in vivo studies, is required to confirm its functional properties.

Keywords: air bulbils; garlic; antioxidant activity; polyphenolic compounds; sulphur compounds (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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