Genetic Protection of Soft Wheat from Diseases in the Southern Ural of Russia and Virulence Variability of Foliar Pathogens

Igor Kushnirenko, Ekaterina Shreyder, Nadezhda Bondarenko, Ekaterina Shaydayuk, Nadezhda Kovalenko, Julia Titova and Elena Gultyaeva
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Igor Kushnirenko: Chelyabinsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, 456404 Timiryazevskiy, Russia
Ekaterina Shreyder: Chelyabinsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, 456404 Timiryazevskiy, Russia
Nadezhda Bondarenko: Chelyabinsk Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture, 456404 Timiryazevskiy, Russia
Ekaterina Shaydayuk: All Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
Nadezhda Kovalenko: All Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
Julia Titova: All Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia
Elena Gultyaeva: All Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia

Agriculture, 2021, vol. 11, issue 8, 1-15

Abstract: The southern Ural is consistently among the 10 best regions in Russia for agricultural production, including wheat. Breeding in the Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture aims to develop wheat cultivars genetically protected from the main diseases (leaf and stem rust, septoria leaf blotch and tan spot). The genes for resistance to leaf rust, Lr1 , Lr9 , Lr10 and Lr26/Sr31 , alone or in combination, are widespread in cultivars grown in the southern Ural. In 2012, a new wheat cultivar, Chelyaba 75, was proposed for commercial production in the southern Ural, being highly resistant to leaf rust with the highly effective genes LrSp and SrSp transferred from the cuckoo line with the genetic material Aegilops speltoides . Isolates virulent to cv. Chelyaba 75 were not found in Russian populations of Puccinia triticina . Additionally, for a long period, genes Lr29 , Lr 41 , Lr42 , Lr45 , Lr47 , Lr50 , Lr51 , Lr53 and Lr57 were characterized by high efficiency. Virulence frequencies to other Lr genes vary annually, but no races with new virulence have been identified. The resistance of lines with the Sr31 and Sr24 genes indicates that the Puccinia graminis population does not contain genotypes with the potentially damaging race Ug99. Mixed septoria and tan spot infections occurred in the southern Ural, with the latter dominating. Races producing the exotoxin ToxA are widely distributed in Pyrenophora tritici-repentis populations. Two causal agents of septoria leaf blotch ( Parastagonospora nodorum and P. avenae f. sp. tritici ) occur in the region, with the first dominating. Aggressiveness of P. nodorum isolates to wheat cultivars was higher than that of P. avenae f. sp. tritici . All Parastagonospora isolates showed the presence of the SnTox3 marker. SnToxA and SnTox1 markers were found in P. nodorum isolates, usually separately, but in one isolate, these genes were found together. The analysis of the genetic diversity of wheat cultivars grown in the southern Ural, and the pathogenic complex present, indicate that pathogens continuously evolve under the influence of the host plant.

Keywords: Parastagonospora avenae f. sp. tritici; Parastagonospora nodorum; Puccinia graminis; Puccinia triticina; Pyrenophora tritici-repentis; resistance; Triticum aestivum (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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