Improvements in Plant Morphology Facilitating Progressive Yield Increases of japonica Inbred Rice since the 1980s in East China

Tianyao Meng, Jialin Ge, Xubin Zhang, Xi Chen, Guisheng Zhou and Huanhe Wei
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Tianyao Meng: Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Jialin Ge: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Xubin Zhang: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Xi Chen: Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Guisheng Zhou: Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Huanhe Wei: Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China

Agriculture, 2021, vol. 11, issue 9, 1-16

Abstract: Grain yield was greatly increased during the genetic improvement of japonica inbred rice since the 1980s in Jiangsu, east China; thus, an improved plant morphology should be expected, considering that plant morphology is a decisive factor determining grain yield. Twelve representative japonica inbred rice released from 1983 to 2013 were grown in the same fields in 2019 and 2020. Grain yield increased ( p < 0.01) at 63.3 kg ha −1 year −1 across 2 years among rice cultivars released in different periods. The genetic improvement in grain yield was associated with increased spikelets per panicle. Single panicle weight, number of primary and secondary branches, and number of grains on primary and secondary branches were all increased with a year of release. Generally, the width of top three leaves positively correlated (while angle of top three leaves and light extinction coefficient negatively) correlated ( p < 0.01) with year of release. Leaf area per tiller and leaf area index at heading and maturity, specific leaf weight, leaf photosynthetic rate, and SPAD values after heading were all increased linearly with year of release. Plant height exhibited a positive ( p < 0.01) trend with year of release, as well as stem weight per tiller and K and Si concentrations of stem. Spikelets per panicle, width of top three leaves, plant height, and leaf area index, and specific leaf weight after heading positively correlated (while angle of top three leaves and light extinction coefficient negatively) correlated ( p < 0.01) with grain yield and single panicle weight. Our results suggested that modern japonica inbred rice exhibited expanded sink size by spikelets per panicle, higher leaf area through leaf width, optimized leaf photosynthetic capacity, lower leaf angle and light extinction coefficient, and enhanced stem strength. These improved plant morphologies facilitated yield increases of japonica inbred rice since the 1980s in east China.

Keywords: genetic improvement; plant morphology; japonica inbred rice; grain yield (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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