Dwarf Interstocks Improve Aroma Quality of ‘Huahong’ Apple ( Malus × domestica )

Xiang Lu, Yuan Gao, Kun Wang, Simiao Sun, Zhao Liu, Peng Yan, Jianrong Feng, Qingshan Li, Lianwen Li and Dajiang Wang ()
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Xiang Lu: Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No.98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China
Yuan Gao: Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No.98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China
Kun Wang: Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No.98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China
Simiao Sun: Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No.98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China
Zhao Liu: Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No.98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China
Peng Yan: Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.403 Nanchang Road, Urumqi 830091, China
Jianrong Feng: Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Shihezi 832003, China
Qingshan Li: Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No.98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China
Lianwen Li: Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No.98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China
Dajiang Wang: Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, No.98 Xinghai South Street, Xingcheng 125100, China

Agriculture, 2022, vol. 12, issue 10, 1-13

Abstract: ‘Huahong’ is a popular apple cultivar because of its anti-browning properties and appealing aroma and flavor. It is mainly planted by grafting on dwarf interstocks in Northeast China. We investigated the different aroma profiles of apple fruits grown from six dwarf interstocks (‘CG24’, ‘SH38’, ‘SH3’, ‘MD001’, ‘Mac9’, and ‘CX5’) and from no interstocks (CK). A total of 55 VOCs were detected, including esters (25), aldehydes (14), alcohols (8), ketones (3), alkane hydroxyls (3), and acids (2). Among the VOCs, 48 were detected in the skin and 21 in the pulp. The skin of ‘Huahong’ apples had a strong sweet aroma, and the pulp was green with a subtle aroma. The dominant compounds (>5% of total content) in the skin were 2-methyl butyl acetate, hexyl 2-methyl butyrate, caproic acid butyl ester, hexanal, (Z)-2-heptene aldehyde, and 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-ketone, while in the pulp, they were 2-methyl butyl acetate, methanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, hexanol, and hexane. Compared with CK, ‘SH38’, ‘MD001’, and ‘SH3’ interstocks had increased total aroma content, and ‘CX5’ and ‘CG24’ had suppressed aroma. The effects of interstocks on aroma were mainly reflected in skin. The VOC content ranged from 3297.52 to 9895.75 µg·kg −1 in skin, and from 748.62 to 1369.21 µg·kg −1 in pulp. PCA revealed that use of interstock ‘SH38’ mainly affected esters. ‘MD001’ affected hexane and 4-pentene-1-acetate; ‘Mac9’ and ‘SH3’ affected octanoic acid-2-methyl butyl ester, hexyl butyrate, and 2-methyl-1-butanol; and ‘CX5’ and ‘CG24’ had a greater impact on isoamyl propionate and 1-pentene-3-ol. Finally, ‘SH38’ had the highest principal comprehensive score. ‘SH38’ and ‘SH3’ interstocks resulted in significantly increased apple VOC content.

Keywords: ‘Huahong’ apple; dwarf interstocks; aroma content; skin; pulp (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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