Hole Application of Urea Inhibited Nitrification in the Zone around the Fertilizer Point by Reducing the Abundance of Nitrification Genes

Liang Cheng, Yifan Wang, Yiliu Wang and Huoyan Wang ()
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Liang Cheng: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
Yifan Wang: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
Yiliu Wang: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
Huoyan Wang: State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

Agriculture, 2022, vol. 12, issue 11, 1-21

Abstract: The present study investigated the interactions among nitrogen transformation and soil bacteria along the direction of diffusion of hole-applied urea. To this end, a lab incubation trial was conducted on sandy loam and silty loam soils. Soil bacterial communities were analyzed via 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, and soil chemical properties were measured at 8, 20, and 60 d after urea application. The treatments were the fertilizer point and 0–4 cm, 4–8 cm, 8–12 cm, and 12–16 cm horizontally distant from the fertilization point. They were designated FP, 0–4, 4–8, 8–12, and 12–16, respectively. The pre-culture and pre-incubation soil sample was used as a control. Soil NH 4 + concentration was the key factor influencing the soil bacterial community. For the sandy loam, the FP and 0–4 treatments reduced the putative abundance of amoA by 38.9–83.4% and 40.7–67.6%, amoB by 38.9–83.4% and 40.6–67.6%, and amoC by 41.1–84.1% and 43.6–69.9%, respectively, compared with the control group. For the silty loam, the FP and 0–4 treatments reduced the putative abundance of amoA by 85.0–87.3% and 28.9–82.6%, amoB by 84.6–87.2% and 29.1–82.5%, and amoC by 81.9–87.1% and 27.5–82.7%, respectively, compared with the control group. The fertilizer core region was <4 cm from the fertilizer point and maintained high NH 4 + concentrations for >60 d, which strongly inhibited nitrification. Overall, the fertilizer core region slowly released nitrogen and inhibited nitrification. For these reasons, hole application of urea may serve as a long-acting nitrogen fertilizer.

Keywords: bacterial community; diversity; long-acting; micro-region (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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