Response of Rice Harvest Index to Different Water and Nitrogen Management Modes in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China

Sicheng Du, Zhongxue Zhang, Tiecheng Li, Zhongbo Wang, Xin Zhou, Zhaomei Gai and Zhijuan Qi
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Sicheng Du: School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
Zhongxue Zhang: School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
Tiecheng Li: School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
Zhongbo Wang: School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
Xin Zhou: School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
Zhaomei Gai: School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
Zhijuan Qi: School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China

Agriculture, 2022, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-17

Abstract: Understanding the methods leading to rice yield increase is vital for sustainable agricultural development. Improving the harvest index (HI) is an important way to increase rice yield. To explore the effects of different water and nitrogen management modes on the rice HI in the black soil region of Northeast China, a field experiment was conducted in 2019 (Y1) and 2020 (Y2). Two irrigation methods, conventional flooding irrigation (FI) and controlled irrigation (CI), were established in the experiment, and four nitrogen application levels (0 kg/ha, 85 kg/ha, 110 kg/ha, and 135 kg/ha) were set during the entire growth period, named N0, N1, N2, and N3. The dry matter weight and the rice yield at the maturity stage were determined, and the HI was then calculated. The results showed that different irrigation modes and nitrogen application levels had significant effects on the rice HI. Under different irrigation modes with the same nitrogen application level during the two years, the comparison regular of HI was consistent. In Y1 and Y2, the HI of FN0 was 3.36% and 5.02% higher than that of CN0 ( p < 0.05), and the HI of CN1 was 0.31% and 2.43% higher than that of FN1 ( p > 0.05). The HI under CI was significantly higher than that under FI under N2 and N3 ( p < 0.05), the HI of CN2 was 4.21% and 4.97% higher than that of FN2, and the HI of FN3 was 13.12% and 20.34% higher than that of CN3. In addition, during the two-year experiment, the HI first increased and then decreased with an increase in the nitrogen application rate under FI and CI. Under the FI treatments, the HI of N1 was the highest, and that of N2 was the highest under the CI treatments. A variance analysis showed that the irrigation pattern and nitrogen application level had significant interactions on the rice HI ( p < 0.01), and the appropriate water and N management mode could increase rice the HI by 26.89%. The experimental results showed that the HI of the 110 kg/ha nitrogen application rate under CI was the highest, reaching 0.574 and 0.572, respectively, in two years. This study provides a data reference and theoretical support for realizing water savings, nitrogen reduction, and sustainable agricultural development in the black soil region of Northeast China.

Keywords: the black soil region of Northeast China; harvest index; water and nitrogen; yield; dry matter accumulation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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