Graft Compatibility Classification within Aurantioideae Based on Biometric Traits and the Anatomy of Graft Union

Laudecir Lemos Raiol-Junior, Everton Vieira de Carvalho, Alécio Souza Moreira, João Paulo Rodrigues Marques, Eduardo Sanches Stuchi, Leandro Peña and Eduardo Augusto Girardi
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Laudecir Lemos Raiol-Junior: Embrapa Cassava & Fruits, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BA, Brazil
Everton Vieira de Carvalho: Embrapa Cassava & Fruits, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BA, Brazil
Alécio Souza Moreira: Embrapa Cassava & Fruits, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BA, Brazil
João Paulo Rodrigues Marques: Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
Eduardo Sanches Stuchi: Embrapa Cassava & Fruits, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BA, Brazil
Leandro Peña: Fund for Citrus Protection, Araraquara 14807-040, SP, Brazil
Eduardo Augusto Girardi: Embrapa Cassava & Fruits, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BA, Brazil

Agriculture, 2022, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-21

Abstract: Citrus relatives are a relevant source of valuable traits for use in citrus breeding, including resistance to diseases such as Huanglongbing (HLB). Resistant rootstocks may impact tree responses to HLB. This requires graft compatibility, which has been poorly investigated within the Aurantioideae. In this study, the biometric characteristics and the anatomy of the graft union of 86 scion/rootstock combinations were assessed. This comprised 18 genotypes/species and 8 genera from Citrinae, Balsamocitrinae, and Clauseninae subtribes sensu Swingle and Reece. Most graft combinations were found to be noncompatible. Phylogenetic proximity did not ensure successful grafting as, for example, Orange jasmine autografts failed, whereas some intergeneric grafts were successful (>60% of graft-take). Plant scion height was directly related to graft-take, but the correlation between the scion and rootstock stem diameters was not a reliable indicator of graft compatibility. Rangpur/Tabog, Tabog/Rangpur, Wampee/Rangpur, Wampee/Pomeroy, Wampee/Swingle, Pomeroy/Wampee, and Swingle/Wampee were the most compatible intergeneric graft combinations. Graft-take success for this was at similar levels to those of sweet orange grafted on common citrus rootstocks. The position as a scion or rootstock in the combination affected the performance and was specific to the genotypes tested. The lack of differentiation between xylem-derived calli and the accumulation of phenolic compounds at the graft union were clear anatomical and biochemical markers, respectively, of incompatibility for most Aurantioideae combinations. In the field, within a set of the ten most promising combinations, Hamlin/Rangpur (control) was the only one that became infected by ‘ Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’. This was first observed 12 months after planting. Overall, the assessment of biometric traits and anatomy of the graft union allowed Aurantioideae genotypes to be divided into four clusters, with respect to their graft compatibility, as follows: fully compatible with high graft-take and plant growth; potentially compatible with high graft-take but lower plant growth; partially incompatible with lower graft-take and poor plant growth; and fully incompatible with a complete absence of graft-take.

Keywords: Citrus spp.; Citreae; Clausenae; Huanglongbing; citrus relatives; rootstock (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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