Utilizing Mediterranean Plants to Remove Contaminants from the Soil Environment: A Short Review

Alexandra D. Solomou, Rafaelia Germani, Nikolaos Proutsos, Michaela Petropoulou, Petros Koutroumpilas, Christos Galanis, Georgios Maroulis and Antonios Kolimenakis
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Alexandra D. Solomou: Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, Institute of Mediterranean & Forest Ecosystems, Terma Alkmanos, 11528 Athens, Greece
Rafaelia Germani: Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
Nikolaos Proutsos: Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, Institute of Mediterranean & Forest Ecosystems, Terma Alkmanos, 11528 Athens, Greece
Michaela Petropoulou: Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, Institute of Mediterranean & Forest Ecosystems, Terma Alkmanos, 11528 Athens, Greece
Petros Koutroumpilas: Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, Institute of Mediterranean & Forest Ecosystems, Terma Alkmanos, 11528 Athens, Greece
Christos Galanis: Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
Georgios Maroulis: Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, Institute of Mediterranean & Forest Ecosystems, Terma Alkmanos, 11528 Athens, Greece
Antonios Kolimenakis: Hellenic Agricultural Organization “DEMETER”, Institute of Mediterranean & Forest Ecosystems, Terma Alkmanos, 11528 Athens, Greece

Agriculture, 2022, vol. 12, issue 2, 1-19

Abstract: The use of contaminated soils in food production imposes the need for the reduction in heavy metals concentrations, using various techniques, in order to eliminate the toxic effects of pollution and ensure safety in the consumption of agricultural products. Phytoremediation is a promising, effective, and publicly acceptable method to remove soils’ toxicity. This study aims to investigate the current knowledge on plants’ metal tolerance mechanisms, the use of Mediterranean plants in phytoremediation, and the economic perspective for its application on large scales. A total of 166 research studies were systematically reviewed, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The findings indicate that phytoremediation has more advantages compared to other techniques. It can be a sustainable and affordable option, especially for developing countries, due to the relatively low application and maintenance costs. Many hyperaccumulating plants have been identified that can be used in soil cleansing, enhancing the applicability and replicability of the method. The selection of the appropriate plant species is based on their specific physiological characteristics to remove undesirable elements from the soils and, in certain cases, there is a preference for use of non-native species. However, such species may exhibit invasive behaviors, introducing high uncertainties and risks in the preservation of local ecosystems, especially in the Mediterranean zone, since they can have a serious impact on the environmental and ecological dynamics of the local plant communities. The use of native plants is generally more advantageous since they are better acclimated, have no effects on the local ecological balance, and can eliminate the legal restrictions for their use (seed availability, planting, etc.).

Keywords: soil pollution; heavy metals; soil contamination; phytoremediation; flora (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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