In Vitro and In Vivo Biocontrol of Tomato Fusarium Wilt by Extracts from Brown, Red, and Green Macroalgae

Yasser S. Mostafa, Saad A. Alamri, Sulaiman A. Alrumman, Mohamed Hashem, Mostafa A. Taher and Zakaria A. Baka
Additional contact information
Yasser S. Mostafa: Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
Saad A. Alamri: Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
Sulaiman A. Alrumman: Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed Hashem: Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
Mostafa A. Taher: Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
Zakaria A. Baka: Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta P.O. Box 34517, Egypt

Agriculture, 2022, vol. 12, issue 3, 1-18

Abstract: Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) in tomatoes is globally recognized as one of the most significant tomato diseases, both in fields and in greenhouses. Macroalgae contain a diversity of bioactive complexes. This research was carried out to assess the value of the extracts from three macroalgae ( Sargassum dentifolium belongs to Phaeophyta, Gracilaria compressa belongs to Rhodophyta, and Ulva lactuca belongs to Chlorophyta) against wilt disease in tomato plants. The fungal pathogen was isolated from diseased tomato plants growing in several parts of Saudi Arabia. Isolates of the pathogen were identified by morphological and molecular methods. Three organic solvents, in addition to water, were used for extraction to assess the effect of reducing FOL hyphal growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Radial reductions in pathogen hyphal growth were seen with all of the solvent and water extracts, but the three macroalgae methanol extracts that were tested showed the greatest reduction in pathogen hyphal growth. The total phenol content of the S. dentifolium extract was higher than that of the other two macroalgae. The phenolic compounds showed variability in all of the extracts that were identified and calculated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Phloroglucinol (7.34 mg/g dry weight), vanillic acid (7.28 mg/g dry weight), and gallic acid (6.89 mg/g dry weight) were the phenolic compounds with the highest concentrations in the S. dentifolium , G. compressa , and U. lactuca extracts, respectively. The mycelium of FOL treated with a crude macroalgae extract of tested at 100 µg/mL was examined with a scanning electron microscope. The results showed an obvious difference between the extract-treated and untreated hyphae. The extract-treated hyphae collapsed and bruised, as well as; empty and dead. In the greenhouse experiment, S. dentifolium powder was used to evaluate its effect on disease decline. It led to a decrease in disease severity of 40.8%. The highest total yield (560.8 g) was obtained from the plants treated with S. dentifolium powder. We recommend the use of macroalgae extracts to combat fungal phytopathogens. Because chemical fungicides are extremely toxic to humans and the environment, macroalgae extracts are a good alternative that can be widely and safely used in the field.

Keywords: biocontrol; Fusarium oxysporum lycopersici; Gracilaria compressa; phenolic compounds; Sargassum dentifolium; scanning electron microscopy; tomato wilt; Ulva lactuca (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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