A Review on Hydroponics and the Technologies Associated for Medium- and Small-Scale Operations

Roberto S. Velazquez-Gonzalez, Adrian L. Garcia-Garcia, Elsa Ventura-Zapata, Jose Dolores Oscar Barceinas-Sanchez and Julio C. Sosa-Savedra
Additional contact information
Roberto S. Velazquez-Gonzalez: CICATA Querétaro, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cerro Blanco 141, Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro 76090, Querétaro, Mexico
Adrian L. Garcia-Garcia: CICATA Querétaro, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cerro Blanco 141, Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro 76090, Querétaro, Mexico
Elsa Ventura-Zapata: Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Calle Ceprobi No. 8, San Isidro, Yautepec 62739, Morelos, Mexico
Jose Dolores Oscar Barceinas-Sanchez: CICATA Querétaro, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cerro Blanco 141, Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro 76090, Querétaro, Mexico
Julio C. Sosa-Savedra: CICATA Querétaro, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Cerro Blanco 141, Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro 76090, Querétaro, Mexico

Agriculture, 2022, vol. 12, issue 5, 1-21

Abstract: According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the world population will reach nine billion people in 2050, of which 75% will live in urban settlements. One of the biggest challenges will be meeting the demand for food, as farmland is being lost to climate change, water scarcity, soil pollution, among other factors. In this context, hydroponics, an agricultural method that dispenses with soil, provides a viable alternative to address this problem. Although hydroponics has proven its effectiveness on a large scale, there are still challenges in implementing this technique on a small scale, specifically in urban and suburban settings. Also, in rural communities, where the availability of suitable technologies is scarce. Paradigms such as the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0, promote Precision Agriculture on a small scale, allowing the control of variables such as pH, electrical conductivity, temperature, among others, resulting in higher production and resource savings.

Keywords: hydroponics; Agriculture 4.0; small-scale production; sustainability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q1 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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